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READING

You are going to read a magazine article about Florence Nightingale. For question 1 -5, choose the correct answer A, B or C. Mark your answers on the answer sheet.

Florence Nightingale

   Florence Nightingale’s parents were rich English land owners. Florence was born in Florence, Italy on 12 May 1820. Her parents named her after the city where she was born. Victorian women didn’t usually go to school but Florence’s father believed that women should get an education so he taught Florence and her older sister at home. they learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history and maths.
As Florence grew up, she became interested in social problems. When she was twelve years old, she decided she wanted to do something useful with her life. She enjoyed visiting sick people in her neighbourhood.
   Florence was extraordinary because most Victorian middle-class women didn’t have careers but Florence wanted to become a nurse. Her parents didn’t want her to become a nurse because nurses were usually working-class women. In fact, they didn’t want Florence to work at all, they wanted her to get married. However, her parents’ disapproval didn’t stop Florence doing what she wanted.
Florence went to Germany to learn about nursing. At that time nurses learned through experience, not through training. Florence looked after sick people, gave medicine out and helped during operations. She was very happy and she explained why: "we learned to think of our work, not ourselves.”
   In 1854, Britain entered the Crimean war. Florence and a team of 38 nurses went to the Crimea to help the wounded soldiers. The military hospitals were dirty and badly organized. Florence made the hospitals clean and safe. The number of deaths in hospitals went down from 40% to 2%. Florence was kind and gentle with the soldiers. When she walked around the hospital at night she carried a lamp and that’s how she got the nickname "the Lady with the Lamp.”
   After the war people from all over the world asked for her advice on designing hospitals. Florence thought nurses should learn through both experience and training. In 1860, she opened her training school for nurses. Today the Nightingale nurses still care for the sick and the poor.

1. What have you learnt about Florence’s parents?
A                     They were Italian citizens.
B                     They gave education to their children.
C                     They learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history and maths.

2. How was Florence different from most other women of her time?
A                     She wanted to be in work.
B                     Her parents didn’t allow her to work.
C                     She wanted to do something useful in her life.

3. How did Florence begin her career?

A                     She studied to be a nurse in Germany.
B                     She was working with her parents.
C                     She learned the nursing skills when she cared for the sick.

4. She gave medicine out in lines 15-16 means
A                     She brought medicine to a number of people.
B                     She took medicine out of the hospital.
C                     She made medicine for the sick.

(give out – выдавать, раздавать)

5. How did Florence change hospitals?

A                     The number of patients went down.
B                     She set higher standards for hospitals.
C                     She put lamps everywhere in hospitals.

True/False/Unstated
(верно / не верно/в тексте не сказано) – один из видов тестовых заданий, предполагающих альтернативный выбор варианта ответа.

Reading Comprehension
Here is some information about pandas. Read the information and the statements below and circle T if the statement is true, F if the statement is false or U (unstated) if there is no such information in the text.

   So rare is the giant panda that today there are thought to be only about 1000 individuals in the entire world. It is listed as an endangered species and has been seen in the wild only in the mountains of central China and eastern Tibet.       
   The name panda applies to either of two East Asian animals. Although they are sometimes considered to be relative, the giant panda is generally classified as a bear, and the lesser panda, also called the red, or common panda, is placed in the raccoon family.
   The giant panda is about 4 to 5 feet (1.2 to 1.5 meters) long from the tip of its nose to its rump, and it has a stubby tail. Adults weigh about 165 to 350 pounds (75 to 160 kilograms). They have a thick, woolly, white coat with black fur on the legs and ears. The animals are distinguished by black eye patches and a black band across the shoulders.
   Giant pandas usually live alone in bamboo forests. They are mainly ground dwellers, using hollow trees, or rock crevices for shelter, but they can climb the trees as well. The giant panda feeds chiefly on bamboo shoots and roots, grasping the slender stems with the aid of a special tomblike structure on its front feet. They sometimes eat small animals.
   Giant pandas are popular zoo animals, but they are extremely difficult to breed. In 1980 there were about 40 in captivity in China and about 13 in other countries. Su-Lin, first of the very few giant pandas to be exhibited in the West, reached the United States as an infant in 1936 and was a popular attraction at the Brookfield Zoo, near Chicago, III., until his death in 1938. In April 1972 the Chinese government sent two others, a male and a female, to the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.
   The lesser panda is found in China, Myanmar, Sikkim, and Nepal in high mountain forests and bamboo thickets. Because of its unusual catlike appearance, it is sometimes called a bear cat, or cat bear. The long, soft coat hairs are rusty red to dark chestnut. The face and ears are mostly white, but the backs of the ears are reddish brown.
   The pandas travel in pairs or small family groups. Lesser pandas are known for their generally mild disposition. During the day this panda sleeps curled up in a tree with tail over its head or sitting on a limb with its head tucked under its chest and between its forelegs. It feeds at night, eating bamboo sprouts, grasses, fruits, other plant material, and, occasionally, small animals.           

1) The giant panda should be protected.          T – F - U

2) Two pandas are of different families.            T –F - U

3) Red pandas live together with raccoons.                  T – F - U

4) Giant pandas live in the holes in the ground.             T – F - U

5) It is not easy to grow pandas in the zoo.                  T – F - U

6) There is special panda attraction in Chicago.            T – F - U

7) Su-Lin died in the zoo, because of his illness.           T-F - U

8) Pandas are night animals.                                        T – F - U

9) Some pandas look like raccoons, others have unusual catlike appearance. T – F - U

10) Giant pandas and lesser pandas sleep in a different way. T – F - U

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